Home Wiring & Renovation

Kitchen & Bathroom Electrical Code Basics

Kitchens and bathrooms have the most specific electrical requirements in a home. Knowing them early prevents redesigns and failed inspections.

Updated 2026-10-15

Kitchens

Key NEC requirements for dwelling kitchens include:

At least two 20A small-appliance branch circuits for countertop receptacles
Countertop receptacles placed so no point along the wall line is more than 24 inches from one
GFCI protection for kitchen receptacles (expanded in recent code editions)
Dedicated circuits commonly provided for dishwasher, disposal, microwave, and refrigerator
AFCI protection for kitchen branch circuits

Bathrooms

Bathroom basics:

At least one 20A circuit for bathroom receptacles
A receptacle within 3 feet of each basin
GFCI protection for all bathroom receptacles
Fixtures and fans rated for damp or wet locations near tubs and showers

Islands and peninsulas

Island receptacle requirements changed in recent NEC editions. Local adoption varies, so confirm with your electrician which edition applies before finalizing cabinet plans.

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Frequently asked questions

Does an induction cooktop need a new circuit?

Usually. Most induction cooktops need a 40A or 50A 240V circuit. Check the spec sheet and panel capacity early.

Can bathroom lights share the receptacle circuit?

Code allows a single 20A circuit to serve one bathroom's receptacles and other loads in that bathroom under specific conditions. Your electrician will design to local rules.

Who decides which code edition applies?

Your state or local jurisdiction adopts an NEC edition, sometimes with amendments. Your permit is reviewed against that edition.

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This guide is general information, not engineering or legal advice. Electrical codes are adopted and amended locally — consult a licensed electrician and your local building department for your project.