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Lighting & Smart Home

Outdoor & Landscape Lighting: Low-Voltage vs Line-Voltage

Outdoor lighting splits into two systems: low-voltage landscape lighting and 120V fixtures. Each has its own rules.

Updated 2026-10-15

Low-voltage landscape lighting

A transformer plugs into or hardwires to a GFCI-protected outdoor circuit and steps power down to 12V for path, uplight, and accent fixtures. Low-voltage cable can be buried shallowly, making changes easy. Size the transformer for total fixture wattage with some headroom.

Line-voltage fixtures

For 120V outdoor lights and receptacles:

  • Wet-location rated fixtures and in-use receptacle covers
  • GFCI protection
  • Burial depths and conduit per code for underground runs
  • Weather-resistant receptacles

Controls

Photocells, astronomical timers, and smart controls keep lights on only when needed. Motion sensors suit security lighting; scheduled scenes suit landscape lighting.

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Frequently asked questions

Can I install landscape lighting myself?

Low-voltage kits are DIY-friendly when plugged into an existing GFCI outdoor receptacle. New outdoor circuits and receptacles should be installed by an electrician with a permit.

How deep must outdoor wiring be buried?

It depends on the wiring method and location; NEC Table 300.5 sets minimum cover depths. Your electrician will choose a compliant method.

Do solar path lights compare to wired?

Solar lights are easy but dimmer and less reliable. Wired systems deliver consistent output.

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This guide is general information, not engineering or legal advice. Electrical codes are adopted and amended locally — consult a licensed electrician and your local building department for your project.

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