Solar, Batteries & Backup Power
Solar Interconnection, Permits & Net Metering
Most solar delays aren't on the roof — they're in the paperwork. Knowing the sequence helps you plan.
Updated 2026-10-15
The typical sequence
From signed contract to operation:
- Site survey and design
- Building and electrical permits from your city or county
- Utility interconnection application
- Installation
- Local inspection
- Utility meter change or inspection
- Permission to operate (PTO)
Net metering vs net billing
Compensation rules for exported power vary by state and utility. Some still credit exports at retail rates; many have moved to lower export rates, which makes self-consumption and batteries more valuable. Read your utility's current tariff, not last year's article.
Don't switch it on early
Operating a grid-tied system before PTO can violate your interconnection agreement. Your installer will tell you when the utility has granted permission.
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Frequently asked questions
How long does interconnection take?
Anywhere from a couple of weeks to a few months, depending on the utility's queue and whether grid upgrades are needed.
Do HOAs have a say?
Many states have solar-access laws limiting HOA restrictions, but HOAs can often set reasonable aesthetic rules. Check your state law.
Who handles the paperwork?
Most installers file permits and interconnection on your behalf. Make sure that's spelled out in the contract.
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This guide is general information, not engineering or legal advice. Electrical codes are adopted and amended locally — consult a licensed electrician and your local building department for your project.